• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Bucket tooth and procedure for finishing slopes and controlling erosion and runoff. The invention refers to a procedure for the finishing of artificial slopes, to control surface water erosion and to favor the revegetation (or natural plant colonization) of these surfaces, practicing parallel and continuous furrows (1), oriented in favor of the maximum slope of the slope. The base of the grooves (1) can have a secondary incision with which the soil is decompressed in the desired way. The invention also relates to bucket teeth for machines intended to move earth and rocks with which to carry out this procedure. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2791055A1
    申请号:ES202030816
    申请日:2020-07-31
    公开日:2020-10-30
    发明作者:Alba Alonso Saturnino De；Duque José Francisco Martín；Caballero De Rodas Ignacio Mola
    申请人:Universidad Complutense de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] PROCEDURE AND BUCKET TOOTH FOR FINISHING AND CHECKING
    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0006] The present invention falls within the sector of stabilizing slopes against erosive processes. More specifically, it refers to procedures for the microtopographic finishing of artificial slopes that allow the control of surface water erosion and favor the revegetation of these surfaces. It also refers to elements for machines intended for earth movements, more specifically, bucket teeth as excavation elements, with which to carry out these procedures.
    [0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0010] The construction of a linear infrastructure, such as a road, generates changes in the environmental conditions of the space in which the work is carried out. These modifications cause the removal and destruction of the soil, with the deterioration of its quality, in addition to eliminating the vegetation from it, which causes a permanent alteration of this valuable element.
    [0012] The conventional procedures currently applied for the finishing, restoration and maintenance of artificial slopes, have been revealed ineffective to control the superficial erosive processes that develop on them, and therefore, to minimize the set of negative effects caused by the water erosion of the surface of the slope.
    [0014] The main problems generated by surface water erosion on artificial slopes, such as linear infrastructures, mining or buildings, are the following: sediment emission, loss of water potentially available for vegetation, nutrients and seeds, soil compaction on the slope. due to loss of disaggregated surface material, difficulty for the development of a stable vegetation cover and for the ecological restoration of the slope. All this generates an increase significant risk of service interruption, in the case of infrastructures, either due to their occupation by sediments emitted by the slope that reach the roads, or due to the inconvenience of cleaning work. The risk of accidents for users of the infrastructure is also increased, as well as the costs of maintaining the infrastructure.
    [0016] In the field of treatment of slopes, as a preventive measure, steel wire meshes are frequently used that are hung from the upper part of the slope and guide small landslides towards the ditches or catchment areas on the sides of the road or area to be to protect. This type of mesh is also used in flexible systems for stabilization and protection of slopes that use flexible membranes, combined with anchoring systems to the stable area of the ground. There are also a large number of variations when developing slope protection meshes, depending on the type of terrain. For example, patent EP2264247B1 describes a network, and the process for making it, for use as a georegrid in geotechnical applications. Patent ES2690731T3 protects a seamless geotextile network with a cellular structure for the stabilization of soils that can be used to reinforce slopes, embankment cones, retaining walls in construction for transportation or hydraulic engineering, among others. Document ES1071411U proposes a protective coating for soils that comprises a layer of weft and warp fabric intended to extend and fix on the ground to be protected, as well as tubular wefts of natural fibers containing seeds. The procedure is specially designed for arid and uncultivated lands (devoid of vegetation cover), such as slopes, embankments, clearings, dunes or areas surrounding infrastructures, affected by works; to protect them from erosion and facilitate the growth of a plant cover.
    [0018] The usual practices in the construction of slopes establish drainage systems external to the plane of the slope to prevent external runoff from entering them. On the other hand, if the slopes are extensive, berms and internal drainage systems (to the plane of the slope) are designed and built parallel to the contour lines. In reality, the main function of the construction of berms (horizontal planes) on slopes of linear infrastructures or similar surfaces has a double function: to provide geotechnical stability to the slope, and to cushion the fall or movement of materials from higher areas. However, these berms also end up becoming in slope drainage structures parallel to contour lines. In civil engineering and mining, guard ditches are built at the head of the slope in the event that there is a slope in the upper part that can provide runoff to the new generated plane. These guard ditches extend along the sides of the slope until they reach the bottom of it, to prevent runoff from entering the plane of the slope. Finally, at the base of the slope, and especially in the case of infrastructures land transport lines, another drainage structure is located, another gutter that prevents runoff from affecting the infrastructure platform, constituting a third horizontal drainage structure. The latter connects with the natural drainage networks, either directly or through work drains that cross perpendicularly, underneath, the road surfaces. Ultimately, depending on the height of the slope, a stepped structure is established in which inclined planes (slopes) alternate with horizontal planes (berms). The slopes, exposed to erosive processes due to their slope, have guard ditches both at the head and at the base of each inclined plane (slope) to channel the runoff generated.
    [0020] However, the management of runoff from the plane of the slopes continues to be a problem that has not been correctly solved, with very high rates of erosion that, by accumulating sediment in the ditches, can bury the drainage systems, preventing drainage. The containment of water erosion in the slope itself is entrusted to the establishment of a vegetation cover that increases infiltration and supports the land. The problem is that if erosion rates are very high, it is very difficult for the vegetation to be able to thrive. The maintenance costs of artificial slopes, both due to the effects of the erosion of the slopes and the mowing of the vegetation to avoid the risk of fires, represent an amount of € 6,000 / year per linear kilometer on state-of-the-art highways in our latitude. first 5-10 years, distributed equally between both games. Therefore, it is still necessary to design slopes with drainage networks built from the beginning in such a way as to avoid these problems and extra costs.
    [0022] . EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0024] Bucket Tooth and Procedure for Finishing and Controlling Slope Erosion and Runoff
    [0025] To alleviate the problems set forth above, one aspect of the present invention refers to a process for finishing the surface of a slope in which, during the last phase of construction of the slope, a dense network of parallel surface grooves is created. , oriented in favor of the maximum slope of the slope, and continuous from the top of the slope to its base, covering the entire surface of the slope. Thus, a drainage network is created that organizes and compartments the slope into micro-basins, delimited by the two divisions that remain on both sides of each furrow.
    [0027] This configuration means that the concentrating surface (the area) of the water to be drained by each furrow is restricted to the furrow surface itself, which acts as a collecting micro-basin. Thus, each furrow works as a drainage unit that only has to evacuate the rainwater directly precipitated on it. At the same time, the orientation of the furrows - and therefore the flow of surface runoff - in favor of the slope, gives them a high drainage capacity, which reduces erosive stresses on the lateral walls of the furrows. All this contributes to reducing the collapses of these walls, thus avoiding the convergence of flows and, in this way, the concentration of runoff on the surface of the slope. In turn, this system avoids the processes of "capture" between basins, a process that occurs when an organization like the one proposed is not imposed. Such capture processes imply that high concentrations of runoff appear occasionally, resulting in the formation of of gullies and gullies.
    [0029] In this specification, slope is understood to be the inclined plane generated during earthworks activities, either by excavation (clearing) or by stockpiling and compaction of materials (embankments).
    [0031] In each specific case of application, depending on the type and morphology of the slope and the nature of the substrate on which it is built, the drainage network is made with a different furrow density, between 2 and 5 furrows per linear meter, understanding per linear meter the 1 m long section parallel to the contour lines of the slope.
    [0033] The average depth of the furrows will be between 3 and 20 cm, depending on the type and morphology of the slope, and the nature of the substrate on which it has been to build. The width of the groove will depend on its depth, the dimensions and characteristics of the machinery used, as well as the nature of the substrate.
    [0035] A second aspect of the invention refers to a process for finishing the surface of a slope in which, during the last phase of construction of the slope, a dense network of grooves parallel to each other with a primary incision, oriented in favor of of the maximum slope of the slope, and continuous from the top of the slope to its base, covering the entire surface of the slope in which, in addition, a secondary incision is made at the base of each furrow in such a way that, without having Instead of a net transport of material, a decompression effect of the material is generated in situ at the base of the furrow.
    [0037] In this second case, depending on the typology and morphology of the slope and the nature of the substrate on which it is built, the drainage network may have a furrow density of between 2 and 5 furrows per linear meter. The average depth of the primary incision will be between 3 and 20 cm, while the secondary incision may reach between 10 and 15 cm in depth with respect to the base of the primary furrow, removing the soil but without creating a second furrow.
    [0039] Finishing can be carried out with various types of conventional civil machinery, which allows linear grooving or grooving operations. In this sense, backhoes, front loaders or shovels, mixed machines and other machines used to move materials such as earth, rocks or gravel are equipped with a mobile bucket, also called a bucket, whose lower edge affects the materials to be moved. . At the edge of the bucket, elements called teeth are inserted, which are those that directly affect the ground. Teeth are wear items. To be able to exchange them or simply change them when they wear out or break due to use, the teeth are inserted into an adapter or tooth holder that is fixed to the edge of the bucket.
    [0041] To be able to perform the jobs for which they are intended, teeth have to be designed with appropriate shapes for each use.
    [0043] Another aspect of the invention refers to a tooth for different types of bucket (excavation, loading and / or so-called "cleaning") of backhoes, shovels front, mixed or similar machines, of the type with teeth whose end furthest from the adapter is parallel to the edge of the bucket and whose width is equal throughout the entire portion, in the shape of a rectangular shovel, that is inserted into the material that one wants to remove, of those frequently known as "universal" and that are used for loose soils with little abrasion, especially for making trenches and finishing slopes or other surfaces, which also has on the penetration edge (end furthest from the adapter), a central appendage tipped like a punch. This central appendage is preferably 10-15 cm long and the tip has a 2-4 cm length. It can be a cylindrical appendage or with rectangular or elliptical section, preferably with a diameter of 20-35 mm, or a side or major axis, respectively, of 20-35 mm.
    [0045] The central appendage of the bucket tooth is preferably solid and made of the same material as the rest of the bucket tooth, which can be made of the best steels for casting and provide all the chemical elements (chromium, nickel, etc.) in a sufficient and balanced proportion, commonly used for the construction of these wear parts for civil engineering and / or mining machinery.
    [0047] The invention also relates to a process for finishing the surface of a slope in which, during the last phase of construction of the slope, a dense network of grooves parallel to each other with a primary incision is practiced, oriented in favor of the maximum slope of the slope, and continuous from the top of the slope to its base, covering the entire surface of the slope in which, in addition, a secondary incision is made at the base of each furrow in such a way that, without a transport taking place net of material, a de-compacting effect of the material is generated in situ at the base of the groove, and in which both incisions are made using a bucket tooth as described in this specification.
    [0049] The direct effects caused by the use of this type of teeth, with the formation of the secondary incision caused by the appendix thereof, produce an increase in the decompression of the soil and the infiltration of water at the bottom of the furrows created by the bucket of the machine used. Ultimately, the physical modifications thus created by the tooth in the groove activate a series of physical-chemical and biological (ecological) processes that have an impact on an increase in fertility in the grooves, and ultimately, on the improvement of slope stabilization. which in turn allow the development and maintenance of a stable vegetation cover.
    [0051] With the formation of the secondary incision caused by the appendage of the bucket tooth, it is intended to modify the physical properties of the soil at the base of the furrow or mark left by the backhoe teeth (or other machinery used) in the construction process of a slope. . The action of the appendix will produce a small incision in the flat bottom of the sulcus, which is again filled by the same material removed by the appendix as it passes. In such a way that, without a net transport of material taking place, a decompression effect of the material is generated in situ at the base of the groove.
    [0053] Both solutions (with or without secondary incision) are particularly effective on slopes of unconsolidated materials. In other words, this method is preferably indicated for lithological substrates that, although they may be slightly consolidated or cemented, are not hard rocks. Examples of substrates for which it is indicated are: gravels, sands, silts and slightly consolidated or cemented clays, arches, shales, gypsum, marl, different types of slope debris, regoliths and soils (edaphic) of all kinds. Examples of rocky substrates for which it is not indicated are: all types of igneous and metamorphic rocks that are not weathered (basalts, granites, gneisses, schists, slate, quartzites ...) and highly lithified sedimentary rocks (limestone, dolomite or sandstone highly cemented, among others).
    [0055] Regarding the climate, the solutions are more efficient in artificial slopes built in arid or semi-arid environments, including Mediterranean ones, in which the occurrence of high intensity rain episodes is relatively frequent, during which the key factor that determines the intensity of the Erosive process is the drainage capacity of runoff water from precipitated rain on the slope.
    [0057] Additionally, the present invention contributes to the ecological restoration of the slope: a) reducing the loss of material from the surface layer of the soil and of nutrients; b) limiting the loss of seeds by washing by reducing the energy and transport capacity of surface runoff; and, c) creating physical conditions of the soil (decompression, aeration and roughness) favorable for the development of the vegetation cover; (d) reducing humidity losses due to insolation, by creating zones of shadow.
    [0059] The presence of a decompressed area at the base of the furrows, through a secondary incision, modifies the hydrological response of the furrow, favoring infiltration and water retention. At the same time, there is an increase in surface roughness along the furrow, which causes other beneficial effects: increased water retention capacity due to temporary surface accumulation in microdepressions along the furrow; loss of surface water connectivity, which makes it difficult to generate runoff flows; and a decrease in the speed of runoff, reducing its energy and erosive capacity. In the same way, by reducing the movement of material by erosion, the loss of nutrients and seeds due to runoff is reduced.
    [0061] It should be noted that it is an extraordinarily economical procedure for its application on site, since it does not involve increasing either the number or the duration of the operations traditionally carried out in the completion phase of the slope, and the types of machinery and equipment to be used are the conventional ones. Nor does it require the installation on the surface of the slope of any structure or artificial element other than it (such as downspouts, concrete structures, geotextiles ...), which may increase the final cost. In turn, eliminating or reducing the introduction of artificial elements also has clear ecological advantages, regarding the reduction of raw materials at source (a strategy perfectly aligned with the current objective of promoting the circular economy), as well as its introduction into the environment ( reduction of environmental impact).
    [0063] Additionally, the fact of completing the construction of the slope with the drainage network already carved on its surface significantly reduces the maintenance costs of the infrastructure. In the first place, because it drastically reduces the volume of soil that would be exported from the slope during the spontaneous generation of the drainage network during the first rains that occurred after its construction. This is particularly relevant for the case of slopes with conventional smooth finishes (blade or cleaning bucket finishes) in which the surface lacks any drainage structure and this spontaneously develops over the entire surface. As a result of the spontaneous development of the drainage, a contribution of a large volume of material is generated to the infrastructure. This occurs already during the operating phase, which generates significant maintenance costs.
    [0065] On the other hand, the drainage network that is spontaneously generated on the surface of the slope under the action of rain tends to produce drainage morphologies of high erosivity. Dendritic morphologies, that is, with branching, in which runoff is progressively concentrated down the slope through the confluence of lateral furrows and channels. These dendritic morphologies give rise to a progressive increase in the volume of runoff accumulated down the slope, its energy and, ultimately, the erosive work that it develops, producing greater volumes of eroded material. However, the finish generated with the processes of the invention creates a low energy drainage network on the slope, by distributing the runoff between the different channels and minimizing their convergence and concentration. In this way, a very significant reduction in the erosive capacity of runoff is ensured; as well as the volume of eroded material that reaches the infrastructure and thus the maintenance and conservation costs.
    [0067] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0069] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, it has been represented next:
    [0071] Figure 1.- Scheme of a slope with a drainage network of furrows (1) parallel to each other, oriented in the direction of the maximum slope.
    [0073] Figure 2. Plant of the bucket tooth.
    [0075] Figure 3. Profile of the bucket tooth.
    [0077] Figure 4. Bounded diagram of the plant and the profile of the bucket tooth.
    [0079] Figure 5. Section of the central appendix (4) of the bucket tooth of Example 4.
    [0080] Figure 6. Profile of grooves generated by a primary incision (B) or a primary incision plus a secondary one (C).
    [0082] Figure 7. Diagram of the use of the tooth of the invention (D) and the groove generated (C).
    [0084] Next, a list of the different elements represented in the figures that make up the invention is provided:
    [0085] 1 = groove.
    [0086] 2 = top of slope.
    [0087] 3 = base of slope.
    [0088] 4 = central appendage of the bucket tooth.
    [0089] 41 = tip of the central appendage (4) of the bucket tooth.
    [0090] 42 = leading edge of the central appendage (4) of the bucket tooth.
    [0091] 43 = opposite edge of the central appendage (4) of the bucket tooth.
    [0092] 5 = final edge, penetration of the bucket tooth.
    [0093] 6 = bucket tooth shovel.
    [0094] 7 = anchor zone.
    [0095] 71 = anchor hole.
    [0096] MNC = unconsolidated materials.
    [0097] A = situation prior to the application of the methods of the invention.
    [0098] B = profile of the sulcus generated by a primary incision.
    [0099] C = profile of the sulcus generated by a double incision (primary plus secondary).
    [0100] D = diagram of the bucket tooth of the invention inserted into the ground.
    [0102] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0104] The present invention is illustrated by the following examples which are not intended to be limiting of its scope.
    [0106] Example 1.
    [0107] Before finishing a slope built with an inclination of 20 °, its surface was moistened by irrigation.
    [0109] A Hyundai HW210 "nacelle" type wheeled excavator with a capacity of 0.8-1.34m3 bucket, with a 1.20 m wide bucket and 5 teeth also standard for excavation, with a rectangular shape at the leading end, 25 cm long and 10 cm wide. The excavator was arranged perpendicular to the plane of the slope and incisions were made in the sloping terrain exclusively with the bucket teeth, dragging the arm from top to bottom, covering the entire length of the slope in height, from the top (2) of the slope to the base (3) of the same. This operation was repeated until the entire surface of the slope was covered. The final appearance of the slope surface with parallel grooves (1) is represented in figure 1. In figure 6, a section of the terrain of unconsolidated materials (MNC) (A) and the appearance of the profile of the obtained furrow are shown with this primary incision (B).
    [0111] Example 2.
    [0112] Longitudinal furrows (1) were made along the surface of the entire slope, as described in Example 1. Subsequently, at the base of the furrows, a secondary de-compaction was carried out using a backhoe with the modified bucket. , in which the conventional teeth were replaced by punches 250 mm long and 25 mm in diameter. This meant carrying out a second operation on the slope after completing the construction of the parallel and continuous furrows (1) in favor of the slope. In this second operation, the backhoe bucket was dragged along the grooves (1) making the incision of the punches coincide (secondary incision) with the center of the base of the grooves (1) obtained by primary incision, thus producing a decompression at the base of the channel that affected an average depth of between 10 and 15 cm. Figure 6 shows the profile of the groove thus generated after the primary incision (B) and the primary incision followed by the secondary incision (C); dotted lines indicate the interval of the section of land in which the secondary incision acts.
    [0114] Example 3.
    [0115] A steel tooth with a slightly rectangular and hollow section was manufactured at its base, to adapt to the standard fixings of this type of elements on buckets or grabs of excavation machinery. Two holes (71) were also made on both sides of the base, which constitutes the anchoring area (7), to introduce a pin with which to fix the tooth to the bucket of the excavation machinery. The tooth, in its anchorage area (7), has measures of 9.5x10 cm. As you advance toward the end opposite the fixture, the tooth blade (6) flattens out to have a final edge (5), the penetration edge of the bucket tooth, parallel to the edge of the machine bucket. On this end, in its central part a solid central appendix (4) was included, with a cylinder shape of 2 cm in diameter and 11 cm in length, which, in its final 3.5 cm, was elaborated sharpened in a conical shape, generating a tip (41). Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the details of this tooth.
    [0117] Example 4.
    [0118] A tooth was manufactured as described in Example 3. On the final edge (5), a solid central appendage (4) with modified rectangular prism section, 3 cm wide and 6 cm deep, was arranged. The modification of the rectangular prism consisted of rounding the two narrow edges: the leading edge (42) was made as a semicircle to facilitate its penetration into the ground, and the opposite edge (43) presented a semi-elliptical profile, sharper, to favor the adequate filling of the incision, leaving the substrate decompressed (C), as shown in figure 7. The length of the central appendix (4) was 11 cm and in the 3 cm from the end, the section was converged into a point (41). The punch section is shown in figure 5.
    [0120] Example 5.
    [0121] The surface of a slope was prepared with an inclination of 30 °, moistening it by irrigation. Next, a standard backhoe was used, such as that used in examples 1 and 2, with 5 teeth as described in example 3. The backhoe was placed perpendicular to the plane of the slope and incisions were made in the sloping ground exclusively with the bucket teeth, dragging the arm up and down, covering the entire length of the slope in height. This operation was repeated until the entire surface of the slope was covered. In figure 7, the appearance of the profile of the groove obtained with this double incision (C) is shown, as well as a diagram of the bucket tooth of the invention inserted in the ground (D) to be unpacked.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Procedure for finishing and controlling the erosion and runoff of slopes characterized in that furrows (1) are made parallel to each other on the surface of the slope, oriented in favor of the maximum slope of the slope and continuous from the top (2 ) from the slope to the base (3) of the slope, covering its entire surface.
    [2]
    Method according to claim 1, in which the parallel grooves (1) are made with a density of 2-5 grooves per linear meter.
    [3]
    Method according to any of the preceding claims, in which the parallel grooves (1) have an average depth of 3-20 cm.
    [4]
    4. Procedure for finishing and controlling the erosion and runoff of slopes characterized in that, on the surface of the slope, the following are practiced:
    - grooves (1) parallel to each other with a primary incision, oriented in favor of the maximum slope of the slope and continuous from the top (2) of the slope to the base (3) of the slope, covering its entire surface and
    - a secondary incision at the base of each parallel groove (1).
    [5]
    5. Method according to claim 4, in which the parallel grooves (1) are made with a density of 2-5 grooves per linear meter.
    [6]
    6. Procedure according to any of claims 4-5 in which the primary incision has an average depth of 3-20 cm, and the secondary incision is made with a depth of 10-15 cm with respect to the depth of the primary incision. .
    [7]
    7. Digging, loading and / or cleaning bucket teeth for backhoes, front shovels and / or mixed machines, the type of teeth whose end furthest from the adapter or final penetration edge (5) is parallel to the edge of the bucket and whose width is equal throughout the entire portion, in the shape of a rectangular shovel (6), which is inserted into the material to be removed, characterized in that, on the final edge (5) it includes a central appendix (4) as a pointed end punch (41).
    [8]
    The bucket tooth according to claim 7, wherein the central appendage (4) has a total length of 10-15 cm and the tip (41) has a length of 2-4 cm.
    [9]
    Bucket tooth according to any one of claims 7-8, wherein the section of the central appendage (4) has a circular, rectangular, elliptical, or rectangular shape with rounded edges.
    [10]
    Bucket tooth according to claim 9, in which the section of the central appendix (4) is circular, with a diameter of 20-35 mm.
    [11]
    A bucket tooth according to claim 9, in which the section of the central appendage (4) is rectangular with the leading edge (42) semi-circular and the opposite edge (43) semi-elliptical.
    [12]
    12. Procedure for finishing and controlling the erosion and run-off of slopes characterized in that grooves are made (1) parallel to each other on the surface of the slope, oriented in favor of the maximum slope of the slope and continuous from the top (2 ) from the slope to the base (3) of the slope, covering its entire surface, by using bucket teeth as defined in claims 7-11.
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    同族专利:
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    ES2791055B2|2021-04-05|
    WO2022023605A1|2022-02-03|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1996003023A1|1994-07-25|1996-02-08|Edward William Chapman|Ground working tool|
    USD408422S|1995-12-14|1999-04-20|Metalogenia, S.A.|Digger tooth|
    KR20140044087A|2012-10-04|2014-04-14|김진아|Slope stable construction method|
    CN105649093A|2016-04-05|2016-06-08|山东净金新能源有限公司|Arch fixing rack for highway/railway tunnel and manufacturing method of arch fixing rack|
    CN109610484A|2018-12-07|2019-04-12|杭州江润科技有限公司|Intercept water side slope of embankment ecological protection and construction method|
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES202030816A|ES2791055B2|2020-07-31|2020-07-31|PROCEDURE AND BUCKET TOOTH FOR THE FINISHING AND CONTROL OF EROSION AND SLOPE RUNOFF|ES202030816A| ES2791055B2|2020-07-31|2020-07-31|PROCEDURE AND BUCKET TOOTH FOR THE FINISHING AND CONTROL OF EROSION AND SLOPE RUNOFF|
    PCT/ES2021/070544| WO2022023605A1|2020-07-31|2021-07-21|Method and bucket tooth for slope erosion and runoff control and finishing|
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